List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names

The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.

Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (-oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.

Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective Czech does not qualify).

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)

Contents 1 Continents 2 Countries and nations 3 Cities 4 Australian states and territories 5 Canadian provinces and territories 6 Indian states and territories 7 Mexican states 8 New Zealand regions 9 U.S. states 10 Subcontinental regions 11 Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity 12 Other former nations and regions 13 Astronomy 13.1 Generic bodies 13.2 Constellations 13.3 Sun 13.4 Planets 13.5 Planetoids 13.6 Moons 13.7 Galaxies 14 Fictional regions 15 See also 16 External links 17 References 18 Notes

Continents

Entries in italics are continental regions.

Name	Adjective	Demonym
Africa	African	Africans
Antarctica	Antarctic	Antarctican
America	Americana	Americansa
Asia	Asian	Asians
Middle East	Middle Eastern	Middle Easterners
Australasia	Australasian	Australasians
Australia	Australian	Australians
Eurasia	Eurasian	Eurasians
Europe	European	Europeans
North America	North American	North Americans
Central America	Central American	Central Americans
Oceania	Oceanian	Oceanians
South America	South American	South Americans
aUsually used to identify specifically the United States of America or its people.

Countries and nations

Country name	Adjectivals	Demonyms
			colloquial term(s)
Abkhazia	Abkhaz, Abkhazian	Abkhazians
Afghanistan	Afghan	Afghans
Albania	Albanian	Albanians
Algeria	Algerian	Algerians
American Samoa	American Samoan	American Samoans
Andorra	Andorran	Andorrans
Angola	Angolan	Angolans
Anguilla	Anguillan	Anguillans
Antigua and Barbuda	Antiguan, Barbudan	Antiguans, Barbudans
Argentina	Argentine, Argentinean, Argentinian	Argentines, Argentineans, Argentinians
Armenia	Armenian	Armenians
Aruba	Aruban	Arubans
Australia	Australian	Australians	"Aussies"
Austria	Austrian	Austrians
Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani, Azeri	Azerbaijanis, Azeris
Bahamas	Bahamian	Bahamians
Bahrain	Bahraini	Bahrainis
Bangladesh	Bangladeshi	Bangladeshis
Barbados	Barbadian  ("Bajan")	Barbadians	"Bajans"
Belarus	Belarusian	Belarusians
Belgium	Belgian	Belgians
Belize	Belizean	Belizeans
Benin	Beninese, Beninois	Beninese, Beninois
Bermuda	Bermudian, Bermudan	Bermudians, Bermudans
Bhutan	Bhutanese	Bhutanese
Bolivia	Bolivian	Bolivians
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian, Bosniak, Herzegovinian	Bosnians, Bosniaks, Herzegovinians
Botswana	Motswana (pl. Batswana), Botswanan	Batswana, Botswanans
Brazil	Brazilian	Brazilians
British Virgin Islands	British Virgin Island	British Virgin Islanders
Brunei	Bruneian	Bruneians
Bulgaria	Bulgarian	Bulgarians
Burkina Fasoa	Burkinabè/Burkinabé	Burkinabè/Burkinabé
Burmab	Burmese	Bamar, Burmese
Burundi	Burundian	Burundians
Cambodia	Cambodian	Cambodians
Cameroon	Cameroonian	Cameroonians
Canada	Canadian	Canadians	"Canucks"
Cape Verde	Cape Verdean	Cape Verdeans
Cayman Islands	Caymanian	Caymanians
Central African Republic	Central African	Central Africans
Chad	Chadian	Chadians
Chile	Chilean	Chileans
People's Republic of China	Chinese	Chinese
Republic of China	See Taiwan, below
Christmas Island	Christmas Island	Christmas Islanders
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos Island	Cocos Islanders
Colombia	Colombian	Colombians
Comoros	Comorian	Comorians
Dem. Republic of the Congo	Congolese, Congo	Congolese
Republic of the Congo
Cook Islands	Cook Island	Cook Islanders
Costa Rica	Costa Rican	Costa Ricans	"Ticos"
Côte d'Ivoire	Ivorian	Ivorians
Croatia	Croatian	Croatians, Croats
Cuba	Cuban	Cubans
Cyprus	Cypriot	Cypriots
Czech Republic	Czech	Czechs
Denmark	Danish	Danes
Djibouti	Djiboutian	Djiboutians
Dominica	Dominicand	Dominicansd
Dominican Republic	Dominicane	Dominicanse	"Quisqueyanos"
East Timor	Timorese	Timorese	"Maubere"
Ecuador	Ecuadorian	Ecuadorians
Egypt	Egyptian	Egyptians
El Salvador	Salvadoran	Salvadorans
England	English	English
Equatorial Guinea	Equatorial Guinean, Equatoguinean	Equatorial Guineans, Equatoguineans
Eritrea	Eritrean	Eritreans
Estonia	Estonian	Estonians
Ethiopia	Ethiopian	Ethiopians
Falkland Islands	Falkland Island	Falkland Islanders	"Belongers"
Faroe Islands	Faroese	Faroese
Fiji	Fijian	Fijians
Finland	Finnish	Finns
France	French	French (or Frenchman/Frenchwoman)
French Guiana	French Guianese	French Guianese
French Polynesia	French Polynesian	French Polynesians, Tahitians[1]
Gabon	Gabonese	Gabonese
Gambia	Gambian	Gambians
Georgia	Georgian	Georgians
Germany	German	Germans
Ghana	Ghanaian	Ghanaians
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	Gibraltarians	Llanitos
Great Britain	British	Britons	see Other words for "British"
Greece	Greek, Grecianf, Hellenic	Greeks, Greciansf, Hellenes
Greenland	Greenlandic	Greenlanders
Grenada	Grenadian	Grenadians
Guadeloupe	Guadeloupe	Guadeloupians
Guam	Guamanian	Guamanians
Guatemala	Guatemalan	Guatemalans
Guinea	Guinean	Guineans
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana	Guyanese	Guyanese
Haiti	Haitian	Haitians	Ayisyen
Honduras	Honduran	Hondurans	"Catrachos"
Hong Kong	Hong Kong, Hongkongese	Hongkongers, Hongkongese	"Hongkies" "Hongers"
Hungary	Hungarian, Magyar	Hungarians, Magyars
Iceland	Icelandic	Icelanders
India	Indian	Indians
Indonesia	Indonesian	Indonesians
Iran	Iranian	Iranians
Iraq	Iraqi	Iraqis
Ireland	Irish	Irish
Isle of Man	Manx	Manx
Israel	Israeli	Israelis
Italy	Italian, Italicf	Italians, Italicsf
Jamaica	Jamaican	Jamaicans
Japan	Japanese	Japanese
Jordan	Jordanian	Jordanians
Kazakhstan	Kazakh, Kazakhstani	Kazakhstanis, Kazakhs
Kenya	Kenyan	Kenyans
Kiribati	Kiribati	I-Kiribati
North Korea	North Korean	Koreans
South Korea	South Korean
Kosovo	Kosovar, Kosovan	Kosovars
Kuwait	Kuwaiti	Kuwaitis
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstani, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz	Kyrgyzstanis, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz
Laos	Laotian, Lao	Laotians, Laos
Latvia	Latvian	Latvians, Letts
Lebanon	Lebanese	Lebanese
Lesotho	Basotho	Basotho
Liberia	Liberian	Liberians
Libya	Libyan	Libyans
Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein	Liechtensteiners
Lithuania	Lithuanian	Lithuanians
Luxembourg	Luxembourg, Luxembourgish	Luxembourgers
Macau	Macanese, Chinese	Macanese, Chinese
Republic of Macedonia	Macedonian	Macedonians
Madagascar	Malagasy	Malagasy
Malawi	Malawian	Malawians
Malaysia	Malaysian	Malaysians
Maldives	Maldivian	Maldivians
Mali	Malian	Malians
Malta	Maltese	Maltese
Marshall Islands	Marshallese	Marshallese
Martinique	Martiniquais, Martinican	Martiniquais
Mauritania	Mauritanian	Mauritanians
Mauritius	Mauritian	Mauritians
Mayotte	Mahoran	Mahorais
Mexico	Mexican	Mexicans
Micronesia, Federated States of	Micronesian	Micronesians
Moldova	Moldovan	Moldovans
Monaco	Monégasque, Monacan	Monégasques, Monacans
Mongolia	Mongolian	Mongolians, Mongols
Montenegro	Montenegrin	Montenegrins
Montserrat	Montserratian	Montserratians
Morocco	Moroccan	Moroccans
Mozambique	Mozambican	Mozambicans
Namibia	Namibian	Namibians
Nauru	Nauruan	Nauruans
Nepal	Nepali	Nepalese
Netherlands	Dutch	Dutch
New Caledonia	New Caledonian	New Caledonians
New Zealand	New Zealand	New Zealanders	"Kiwis"
Nicaragua	Nicaraguan	Nicaraguans
Niue	Niuean	Niueans
Niger	Nigerien	Nigeriens
Nigeria	Nigerian	Nigerians
Norway	Norwegian	Norwegians
Northern Ireland	Northern Irish / Irish	Irish / Northern Irish
Northern Marianas	Northern Marianan	Northern Marianans
Oman	Omani	Omanis
Pakistan	Pakistani	Pakistanis
Palestinian territories	Palestinian	Palestinians
Palau	Palauan	Palauans
Panama	Panamanian	Panamanians
Papua New Guinea	Papua New Guinean, Papuan	Papua New Guineans, Papuans
Paraguay	Paraguayan	Paraguayans
Peru	Peruvian	Peruvians
Philippines	Philippine, Filipino	Filipinos, Filipinas	Pinoys
Pitcairn Island	Pitcairn Island	Pitcairn Islanders
Poland	Polish	Poles
Portugal	Portuguese	Portuguese
Puerto Rico	Puerto Rican	Puerto Ricans, Boricuas
Qatar	Qatari	Qataris
Republic of Ireland	Irish / Southern Irish g	Irish / Southern Irish g
Réunion	Réunionese, Réunionnais	Réunionese, Réunionnais
Romania	Romanian	Romanians
Russia	Russian	Russians
Rwanda	Rwandan	Rwandans
St. Helena	St. Helenian	St. Helenians
St. Kitts and Nevis	Kittitian, Nevisian	Kittitians, Nevisians
St. Lucia	St. Lucian	St. Lucians
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon	Saint-Pierrais, Miquelonnais	Saint-Pierrais, Miquelonnais
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	St. Vincentian, Vincentian	St. Vincentians, Vincentians
Samoa	Samoan	Samoans
San Marino	Sammarinese	Sammarinese
São Tomé and Príncipe	São Toméan	São Toméans
Saudi Arabia	Saudi, Saudi Arabian	Saudis, Saudi Arabians
Scotland	Scots, Scottish, Scotchh	Scots
Senegal	Senegalese	Senegalese
Serbia	Serbian	Serbians, Serbs
Seychelles	Seychellois	Seychellois
Sierra Leone	Sierra Leonean	Sierra Leoneans
Singapore	Singapore[2]	Singaporeans
Slovakia	Slovak	Slovaks
Slovenia	Slovene, Slovenian	Slovenians, Slovenes
Solomon Islands	Solomon Island	Solomon Islanders
Somalia	Somali; Somalian	Somalis; Somalians
South Africa	South African	South Africans
South Ossetia	South Ossetian	South Ossetians
South Sudan	South Sudanese	South Sudanese
Spain	Spanish	Spaniards
Sri Lanka	Sri Lankan	Sri Lankans
Sudan	Sudanese	Sudanese
Surinam	Surinamese	Surinamers
Swaziland	Swazi	Swazis
Sweden	Swedish	Swedes
Switzerland	Swiss	Swiss
Syria	Syrian	Syrians
Taiwan	Taiwanese	Taiwanese
Tajikistan	Tajikistani	Tajikistanis, Tajiks
Tanzania	Tanzanian	Tanzanians
Thailand	Thai	Thai
Togo	Togolese	Togolese
Tonga	Tongan	Tongans
Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidadian, Tobagonian	Trinidadians, Tobagonians	"Trinis", "Trinibagonians"
Tunisia	Tunisian	Tunisians
Turkey	Turkish	Turks
Turkmenistan	Turkmen	Turkmens
Turks and Caicos Islands	none	Turks and Caicos Islanders
Tuvalu	Tuvaluan	Tuvaluans
Uganda	Ugandan	Ugandans
Ukraine	Ukrainian	Ukrainians
United Arab Emirates	Emirati, Emirian	Emiratis, Emirians
United Kingdom	British	Britons	see Other words for "British"
United States	Americani, U.S.	Americansj
Uruguay	Uruguayan	Uruguayans
Uzbekistan	Uzbekistani, Uzbek	Uzbekistanis, Uzbeks
Vanuatu	Ni-Vanuatu, Vanuatuan	Ni-Vanuatu
Venezuela	Venezuelan	Venezuelans
Vietnam	Vietnamese	Vietnamese
Virgin Islands	Virgin Island	Virgin Islanders
Wales	Welsh	Welsh
Wallis and Futuna	Wallisian, Futunan	Wallisians, Futunans
Western Sahara	Sahraw, Sahrawian, Sahraouian	Sahrawis, Sahraouis
Yemen	Yemeni	Yemenis
Zambia	Zambian	Zambians
Zimbabwe	Zimbabwean	Zimbabweans

^a  Formerly known as Upper Volta.
^b  Also known as Myanmar.
^c  Sometimes considered offensive.
^d  The penultimate syllable is stressed.
^e  The second syllable is stressed.
^f  Rare and/or archaic.
^g  There is no adjective or demonym that distinguishes the Republic of Ireland from the entire island of Ireland. When distinction from Northern Ireland is necessary, the colloquial Southern Irish or Southerner is sometimes used; some people in the Republic of Ireland may find this offensive, though others in Northern Ireland may find it equally offensive in not distinguishing the Republic of Ireland from the island. As an alternative, an adjectival phrase may be used – for instance, "a law of the Republic of Ireland" – or, as a last resort, the name "Republic of Ireland" may be used as if it were an adjective (as in "a Republic of Ireland law").
^h  Scotch is only normally used for manufactured products of Scotland, most commonly food and drink - in most other contexts it is archaic and often considered mildly derogatory. Scottish is used for everything else.
ⁱ  In near-universal use, though many adjectives for U.S. citizens have been proposed.
^j  In near-universal use, though many alternative words for American have been proposed.

Cities

Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.

City	Country or state/province	Adjective	Demonym (colloquial)
Aberdeen	Scotland	Aberdonian	Aberdonians
Adelaide	South Australia	Adelaidian	Adelaidians
Albany	New York	Albanian	Albanians
Alexandria	Egypt	Alexandrian	Alexandrines
Amalfi	Italy	Amalfitan	Amalfitans
Aosta	Italy	Aostan, Aostain	Aostans, Aostains
Armagh	Northern Ireland	Armachian	Armachians
Athens	Greece	Athenian	Athenians
Atlanta	Georgia	Atlantan	Atlantans
Auckland	New Zealand	Auckland	Aucklanders ("Jafas")
Austin	Texas	Austonian	Austinite
Baltimore	Maryland	Baltimorean	Baltimoreans
Bangkok	Thailand	Bangkokian	Bangkokians
Baton Rouge	Louisiana	Baton Rougean	Baton Rougeans
Bedford	England	Bedfordian (not Bedfordite)	Bedfordians
Beijing (Peking)	China	Pekinese	Beijinger, Pekinese
Belfast	Northern Ireland	Belfastian	Belfastians
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	Belo-Horizontino	Belo-Horizontinos
Belgrade	Serbia	Belgradian	Belgraders
Benevento	Italy	Beneventan	Beneventans
Bergamo	Italy	Bergamasque	Bergamasques
Berlin	Germany	Berliner	Berliners
Bern	Switzerland	Bernese	Bernese
Birmingham	England	Birminghamian ("Brummie")	Birminghamians ("Brummies")
Birmingham	Alabama	Birminghamian	Birminghamians ("Birminghamsters")
Bologna	Italy	Bolognese	Bolognese
Bogota	Colombia	Bogotan	Bogotans
Bolton	England	Boltonian	Boltonians
Boston	Massachusetts	Bostonian	Bostonians
Brasilia	Brazil	Brasiliense	Brasilienses
Bratislava	Slovakia	Bratislavan	Bratislavan
Brescia	Italy	Brescian	Brescians
Brighton	Wisconsin	Brightonian	Brightonians
Brisbane	Queensland	Brisbanian	Brisbanians (Brisbanites)
Bristol	England	Bristolian	Bristolians
Brussels	Belgium		Bruxellois1, Brusselaar2, Brusseleer3
Budapest	Hungary	Budapesti	Budapesters
Buenos Aires	Argentina	Porteño	Porteños
Buffalo	New York	Buffalonian	Buffalonians
Cairns	Queensland	Cairnian	Cairnians
Cairo	Egypt	(Cairene)	Cairenes
Calgary	Alberta	Calgarian	Calgarians
Cambridge	England	Cantabrigian	Cantabrigians4
Cambridge	Massachusetts
Campinas	Brazil	Campineiro	Campineiros
Canberra	Australia	Canberran	Canberrans
Cape Town	South Africa	(Capetonian)	Capetonians
Caracas	Venezuela	Caraquenian	Caraquenians
Carystus	Greece	Carystian	Carystians
Charlotte	North Carolina	Charlottean	Charlotteans
Chicago	Illinois	Chicagoan	Chicagoans
Cincinnati	Ohio	Cincinnatian	Cincinnatian
Cleveland	Ohio		Clevelander
Copenhagen	Denmark	Copenhagener	Copenhageners
Corinth	Greece	Corinthian	Corinthians
Cork	Republic of Ireland	Cork	Corkonians ("Leesiders")
Cracow (Kraków)	Poland	Cracovian (Krakovian)	Cracovians (Krakovians)
Curitiba	Brazil	Curitibano	Curitibanos
Dallas	Texas		Dallasites
Da Lat	Vietnam	Dalatese	Dalatese
Darwin	Northern Territory	Darwinian5	Darwinians
Davao	Philippines		Dabawenio
Denver	Colorado	Denverite	Denverites
Detroit	Michigan		Detroiters
Dublin	Ireland	Dublin	Dubliners ("Dubs")
Dundee	Scotland	Dundonian	Dundonians
Dunedin	New Zealand	Dunedin	Dunedinites
East Troy	Wisconsin	East Trojan	East Trojans
Edinburgh	Scotland	Edinburgian	Edinburger
Edmonton	Alberta	Edmontonian	Edmontonians
Epidaurus	Greece	Epidaurian	Epidaurians
Florence	Italy	Florentine	Florentines
Fort Lauderdale	Florida		Fort Lauderdalers, Fort Lauderdalians
Foz do Iguaçu	Brazil	Iguaçuense	Iguaçuenses
Fresno	California		Fresnans, Fresnoans
Galway	Republic of Ireland	Galway	Galwegians
Geneva	Switzerland	Genevan, Genevese	Genevans, Genevese
Genoa	Italy	Genoese	Genoese
Glasgow	Scotland	Glaswegian	Glaswegians
Gold Coast	Queensland	Gold Coast	Gold Coasters
Grand Rapids	Michigan	Grand Rapidian	Grand Rapidians
Guadalajara	México	Tapatío	Tapatíos
Halifax	Nova Scotia	Haligonian	Haligonians
Hamilton	Ontario	Hamiltonian	Hamiltonians
Hamilton	New Zealand
Hanoi	Vietnam	Hanoian	Hanoians
Hanover	Germany	Hanoverian	Hanoverians
Hartlepool	England	Hartlepudlian	Hartlepudlian ("Monkey hanger")
Helsinki	Finland	Helsinkian	Helsinkians
Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	Saigonese	Saigoners
Hong Kong	China	Hong Kong, Hongkongese	Hongkongers, Hongkongese
Honolulu	Hawaii	Honolulan	Honolulans
Houston	Texas	Houstonian	Houstonians
Invercargill	New Zealand	Invercargill	Invercargillites, Invercargillonians
Inverness	Scotland	Invernessian	Invernessians
Iqaluit	Nunavut		Iqalummiut (sing. Iqalummiuq)
Itabira	Brazil	Itabirano	Itabiranos
Istanbul	Turkey	Istanbulite	Istanbulites
Jerusalem	Israel	Jerusalemite, Yerushalmi ירושלמי (Hebrew)	Jerusalemites, Yerushalmim
Juiz de Fora	Brazil	Juiz-forano	Juiz-foranos
Juneau City/Borough	Alaska		Juneauites
Kastoria	Greece	Kastorian	Kastorians
Kenosha	Wisconsin	Kenoshan	Kenoshans
Kingston	New Jersey	Kingstonian	Kingstonians
Knoxville	Tennessee	Knoxvillian	Knoxvillians
Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia		("KL-ites"6)
Lagos	Nigeria	Lagosian	Lagosians
La Paz	Bolivia	Paceño	Paceños
Las Vegas	Nevada	Las Vegan	Vegan
Leeds	England	Leodensian	Leodensians
León	Spain	Leonese	Leoneses
Lima	Peru	Limeño	Limeños
Liverpool	England	Liverpudlian	Liverpudlians ("Scousers")
Livorno	Italy	Leghornese, Livornese	Leghornese, Livornese
London	England	Londoner	Londoners
Londrina	Brazil	Londrinense	Londrinenses
Los Angeles	California	Angeleno	Angelenos
Lucca	Italy	Lucchese	Lucchesi
Lyon (Lyons)	France	Lyonese	Lyonese
Macau	China	Macanese	Macanese
Madrid	Spain	Madrilenian; Madrileño (Spanish)	Madrilenians; Madrileños (Spanish)
Málaga	Spain	Malagan	Malagans
Manchester	England	Mancunian	Mancunians ("Mancs")
Manila	Philippines	Manileño	Manileños
Mantua	Italy	Mantuan	Mantuans
Marathon	Greece	Marathonian	Marathonians
Marseille	France	Marseillais	Marseillais
Megara	Greece	Megarian	Megarians
Melbourne	Victoria	Melburnian	Melburnians
Memphis	Tennessee	Memphian	Memphians
Messina	Italy	Messinese	Messinese
Mexico City	Mexico	Capitalino	Capitalinos ("Chilangos"/"Defeños")
Milan	Italy	Milanese	Milanese
Milan	New York		Milanites, Milaners
Milwaukee	Wisconsin	Milwaukeean	Milwaukeeans
Misrata	Libya	Misratan	Misratans
Minneapolis	Minnesota	Minneapolitan	Minneapolitans
Modena	Italy	Modenese	Modenese
Montreal	Quebec	Montreal	Montrealers
Moscow	Russia	Muscovite	Muscovites
Mumbai	India	Mumbaikar	Mumbaikars
Muncie	Indiana	Munsonian	Munsonian
Munich	Germany	Münchner	Münchner
Naples	Italy	Neapolitan	Neapolitans
Nashville	Tennessee	Nashvillian	Nashvillians
Nassau	The Bahamas	Nassuvian	Nassuvians
Nelson	New Zealand	Nelson	Nelsonians
New Orleans	Louisiana	New Orleanian	New Orleanians, New Orleaners ("Yats")
New York City	New York	New York	New Yorkers ("Gothamites"/"Knickerbockers")
• The Bronx		Bronx	Bronxites, Bronxers
• Brooklyn		Brooklyn	Brooklynites (archaic: "Trolley Dodgers")
• Manhattan		Manhattan	Manhattanites
• Queens		Queens	Queensites
• Staten Island7		Staten Island	Staten Islanders
Newcastle	New South Wales	Novocastrian	Novocastrians
Newcastle	England	Novocastrian ("Geordie")	Novocastrians ("Geordies")
Nice	France	Niçois	Niçois
Nicosia	Cyprus	Nicosian	Nicosians
Northampton	England	Northamptonian	Northamptonians
Oakland	California	Oaklander	Oaklanders
Oamaru	New Zealand	Oamaru, Oamaruvian	Oamaruvians
Odessa	Ukraine	Odessit(e)	Odessites
Oslo	Norway	Oslovian	Oslovians
Osaka	Japan	Osakan	Naniwakko (難波っ子/浪速っ子; Japanese), Osakans (English)
Ottawa	Ontario	Ottawan	Ottawans
Oxford	England	Oxonian	Oxonians8
Paddock Lake	Wisconsin	Paddock Laker	Paddock Lakers
Padua	Italy	Paduan	Paduans
Palermo	Italy	Palermitan	Palermitans
Palmerston North	New Zealand	Palmerstonian	Palmerstonians
Paris	France	Parisian	Parisians
Parma	Italy	Parmesan	Parmesans
Perth	Western Australia	Perth	Perthites (Sandgropers, Perthlings)
Perugia	Italy	Perugian	Perugians
Peterborough	United Kingdom	Peterbourian	Peterbourians
Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	(Philadelphian)	Philadelphians
Phoenix	Arizona	Phoenician, Phoenixer	Phoenicians, Phoenixers
Pisa	Italy	Pisan	Pisans
Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania	Pittsburgher	Pittsburghers
Pompeii	Italy	Pompei(i)an	Pompei(i)ans
Ponferrada	Spain	Ponferradian	Ponferradians
Porto Alegre	Brazil	Porto-Alegrense	Porto-Alegrenses
Portland	Oregon	Portlander	Portlanders
Prague	Czech Republic	Praguer	Praguers
Pristina	Kosovo		Prishtinali, Prishtinas (Albanian) Prištinci, Prištevci (Serbian)
Providence	Rhode Island	Providentian	Providentians
Pylos	Greece	Pylian	Pylians
Quebec City	Quebec	Quebec (City) (English); québécois (French)	Quebeckers, Quebecers (English); Québécois9 (French)
Randall	Wisconsin	Randallite	Randallites
Regina	Saskatchewan	Regina (modifier), Reginan	Reginans
Rethymno	Greece	Rethymnian	Rethymnians
Richmond	Virginia	Richmonder	Richmonders
Riga	Latvia	Rigan	Rigans
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Carioca	Cariocas
Rhodes	Greece	Rhodian	Rhodians
Rochester	New York	(Rochesterian)	Rochesterians
Rome	Italy	Roman	Romans
Rotorua	New Zealand	Rotoruan	Rotoruans
St. Louis	Missouri	St. Louisan	St. Louisans
Salerno	Italy	Salernitan	Salernitans
Salt Lake City	Utah		Salt Lakers
San Antonio	Texas	San Antonian	San Antonians
San Diego	California	San Diegan	San Diegans
San Francisco	California	San Franciscan	San Franciscans
Santa Clarita	California	Santa Claritan	Santa Claritans
Santa Cruz de la Sierra	Bolivia	Cruceño	Cruceños
São Carlos	Brazil	Sãocarlense and Carlopolitano	Sãocarlenses and Carlopolitanos
São Paulo	Brazil	Paulistano	Paulistanos
Saskatoon	Saskatchewan	Saskatoon (modifier), Saskatonian	Saskatonians ("Saskabushers")
Savannah	Georgia	Savannaian	Savannians
Seattle	Washington	Seattleite	Seattleites
Seoul	South Korea	Seoulite	Seoulites
Serres	Greece	Serrean	Serreans
Shanghai	China	Shanghainese	Shanghainese
Siena	Italy	Sien(n)ese	Sien(n)ese
Silver Lake	Wisconsin	Silver Laker	Silver Laker
Sheffield	England		Sheffielders
Slough	England	Sluff	Sluffs
Solihull	England	Silhillian	Silhillians
Somers	Wisconsin	Somersite	Somersites
Sorrento	Italy	Sorrentine	Sorrentines
Sparta	Greece	Spartan	Spartans
Spoleto	Italy	Spoletian	Spoletians
Stockholm	Sweden	Stockholmer	Stockholmers
Sunderland	England		"Mackems"
Sydney	New South Wales	Sydney	Sydneysiders
Syracuse	Italy	Syracusan	Syracusans
Tallinn	Estonia	Tallinner	Tallinners
Taranto	Italy	Tarantine, Tarentine	Tarantines, Tarentines
Thebes	Greece	Theban	Thebans
Thessaloniki	Greece	Thessalonian	Thessalonians
Tokyo	Japan		Edokko (江戸っ子; Japanese), Tokyoites (English)
Toowoomba	Queensland	Toowoomban	Toowoombans
Toronto	Ontario	Toronto, Torontonian	Torontonians[3]
Tournai	Belgium	Tournaisian	Tournaisian
Townsville	Queensland	Townsvillian	Townsvillians
Trevor	Wisconsin	Trevorite	Trevorites
Trent	Italy	Tridentine	Tridentines
Trieste	Italy	Triestine	Triestines
Tripoli	Greece / Libya	Tripolitan	Tripolitans
Trois-Rivières	Quebec	Trifluvien, Trifluvienne (French); Trifluvian (English)	Trifluviens/Trifluviennes (French); Trifluvians (English)
Tucson	Arizona	Tucsonan	Tucsonans
Tulsa	Oklahoma	Tulsan	Tulsans
Turin	Italy	Turinese	Turinese
Twin Lakes	Wisconsin	Twin Laker	Twin Lakers
Uberlândia	Brazil	Uberlandense	Uberlandenses
Valencia	Spain	Valencian	Valencians
Vancouver	British Columbia	Vancouverite	Vancouverites
Venice	Italy	Venetian	Venetians
Veracruz	Mexico	Veracruzano	Veracruzano (Jarocho)
Verona	Italy	Veronese	Veronese
Vicenza	Italy	Vicentine	Vicentines
Vichy	France	Vichyssois	Vichyssois
Vienna	Austria	Viennese	Viennese
Warsaw	Poland	Varsovian	Varsovians
Washington, D.C.	United States	Washingtonian	Washingtonians
Wellington	New Zealand	Wellington, Wellingtonian	Wellingtonians
Wheatland	Wisconsin	Wheatlander	Wheatlanders
Wichita	Kansas	Wichitan	Wichitans
Wilmot	Wisconsin	Wilmotter	Wilmotters
Winnipeg	Manitoba		Winnipeggers, Winnipegers
Wolverhampton	England		Wulfrunians
Xalapa	Mexico	Xalapeño	Xalapeños
Xanthi	Greece	Xanthian	Xanthians
Xanthi	Greece	Xanthian	Xanthians
Zintan	Libya	Zintani	Zintanis
Used to identify those of Walloon descent Used to identify those of Flemish descent Used to identify those bi- or multilingual citizens merely belonging to Brussels Also used to identify graduates of the University of Cambridge. Not to be confused with the movements and concepts of English naturalist Charles Darwin. Pronounced "KAY-el-ites". Formerly Richmond. Also used to identify graduates of the University of Oxford. Often confused with residents of the Province of Québec. If it is necessary to distinguish between residents of the city and the province, French-speakers will use québécois/e de Québec for the city and québécois/e du Québec for the province.

Australian states and territories

State/territory	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Australian Capital Territory	Canberran	Canberrans
New South Wales	New South Welsh	New South Welshmen	"Waratahs", "Cockroaches"1
Northern Territory	Northern Territory	Territorians	"Top Ender"
Queensland	Queensland	Queenslanders	"Banana Benders", "Cane Toads"1,"Maroons"
South Australia	South Australian	South Australians	"Crow Eaters"
Tasmania	Tasmanian	Tasmanians, Taswegians	"Apple Eaters","Tazzies"
Victoria	Victorian	Victorians	"Vics","Mexicans"
Western Australia	Western Australian	Western Australians	"Sandgropers","Westralians"
Considered derogatory.

Canadian provinces and territories

Province	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Alberta	Albertan	Albertans
British Columbia	British Columbian  ("B.C.")	British Columbians	"B.C.ers"
Manitoba	Manitoban	Manitobans
New Brunswick	New Brunswick	New Brunswickers
Newfoundland and Labrador	Newfoundland and Labrador	Newfoundlanders, Labradorians	"Newfies"
Northwest Territories	Northwest Territorian   ("N.W.T.")	Northwest Territorians	"N.W.T.ers"
Nunavut	Nunavut	Nunavummiut (sing. Nunavummiuq)
Nova Scotia	Nova Scotian	Nova Scotians	"Bluenosers"
Ontario	Ontario	Ontarians
Prince Edward Island	Prince Edward Island, P.E.I., Island	Islanders
Quebec	Quebec French: Québécois (masc.), Québécoise (fem.)	Quebeckers, Quebecers French: Québécois
Saskatchewan	Saskatchewan	Saskatchewanians	"Saskatchewanites"
Yukon	Yukon	Yukoners	"Sourdoughs"

Indian states and territories

State or territory	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Andaman,[4] Andamanese[4] Nicobar, Nicobarese[4]	Andamanese Nicobarese
Andhra Pradesh	Andhra Pradeshi	Andhra Pradeshis
Arunachal Pradesh	Arunachali	Arunachalis
Assam	Assamese[4]	Assamese
Bihar	Bihari[4]	Biharis
Chandigarh	Chandigarhi	Chandigarhis	_
Chhattisgarh	Chhattisgarhi	Chhattisgarhis
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	_	_
Daman and Diu	Damanese Diuese	Damanese Diuese
Delhi	Delhiite, Delhian	Delhiites, Delhians
Goa	Goanese,[4] Goan[4]	Goanese, Goans
Gujarat	Gujarati[4]	Gujaratis
Haryana	Haryanvi	Haryanvis	_
Himachal Pradesh	Himachali	Himachalis
Jammu and Kashmir	Jammu Kashmiri[4]	Jammuite Kashimiris	_
Jharkhand	Jharkhandi	Jharkhandis
Karnataka	Karnatakan, Canarese[4] (Kanarese)[4]	Karnatakans, Canarese	Cf. Carnatic
Kerala	Keralite	Keralites	Malayalis
Lakshadweep (Laccadives)	Laccadivian	Laccadivians
Madhya Pradesh	Madhya Pradeshi	Madhya Pradeshis
Maharashtra	Maharashtrian[4]	Maharashtrians	Marathi
Manipur	Manipuri[4]	Manipuris
Meghalaya	Meghalayan	Meghalayans
Mizoram	Mizo[4]	Mizos
Nagaland	Naga,[4] Nagalandese	Nagas
Orissa (Odisha)	Oriya[4] (Odia) [of the people] Orissan (Odishan) [of the state] Orissi[4] (Odissi)[4]	Oriyas (Odias) Orissans (Odishans)	_
Pondicherry (Puducherry)	Pondicherrian	Pondicherrians	_
Punjab	Punjabi[4]	Punjabis
Rajasthan	Rajasthani[4]	Rajasthanis
Sikkim	Sikkimese[4]	Sikkimese
Tamil Nadu	Tamil,[4] Tamilese	Tamils
Tripura	Tripuri, Tripuran	Tripuris, Tripurans	_
Uttar Pradesh	Uttar Pradeshi	Uttar Pradeshis	_
Uttarakhand	Uttarakhandi	Uttarakhandi	_
West Bengal	(West) Bengali,[4] (West) Bengalese,[4] Bangla[4]	(West) Bengalis	_

Mexican states

Federal entity	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Aguascalientes		Hidrocalido/-a
Baja California	Lower Californian	Bajacaliforniano/-a
Baja California Sur	South Lower Californian	Sudcaliforniano/-a
Campeche		Campechano/-a
Chiapas		Chiapaneco/-a
Chihuahua		Chihuahuense
Colima		Colimense
Coahuila		Coahulense
Distrito Federal		Defeño/-a	"Chilango"
Durango		Duranguense
Guerrero		Guerrerense
Guanajuato		Guanajuatense
Hidalgo		Hidalguense
Jalisco		Jalisciense
Michoacán		Michoacano/-a
Morelos		Morelense
Mexico		Mexiquense
Nayarit		Nayarita
Nuevo León		Neoleones
Oaxaca		Oaxaqueño/-a
Puebla		Poblano/-a
Quintana Roo		Quintanarroense
Querétaro		Queretano/-a
Sinaloa		Sinaloense
San Luis Potosí		Potosino/-a
Sonora		Sonorense
Tabasco		Tabasqueño/-a
Tlaxcala		Tlaxcalteca
Tamaulipas		Tamaulipeco/-a
Veracruz		Veracruzano/-a
Yucatán		Yucateco/-a
Zacatecas		Zacatecano/-a
Capitalino is often used to be refered to the people the Mexico City, however, capitalino can be used to refer any people of each state capital. "Defeño" and "Chilango" are descripted in the Royal Spanish Academy

New Zealand regions

State/territory	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Auckland Region	Auckland	Aucklanders	"Jafas"
Bay of Plenty Region	Bay of Plenty
Canterbury Region	Canterbury	Cantabrians
Gisborne Region	East Coast, Gisborne	East Coasters, Gisbornians
Hawke's Bay Region	Hawke's Bay	Hawkesters
Manawatu-Wanganui Region	Wanganui, Manawatu
Marlborough Region	Marlborough	Marlburians
Nelson Region	Nelsonian	Nelsonians
Northland Region	Northland	Northlanders
Otago Region	Otago	Otagoites
Southland Region	Southland	Southlanders
Taranaki Region	Taranaki	Taranakians
Tasman Region	Tasman, Nelsonian	Tasmanites, Nelsonians
Waikato Region	Waikato	Waikatoans	"Mooloos"
Wellington Region	Wellington, Wellingtonian	Wellingtonians
West Coast Region	West Coast	Coasters
South Island	South Island / Mainland	South Islanders	"Mainlanders"

U.S. states

This is a list of terms, not manifestly pejorative, which are used, or have been used in the past, to designate the residents of specific U.S. states.

State	Official (recommended by United States Government Printing Office)[5]	Official, unofficial or informal alternates
Alabama	Alabamian	Alabaman[6][7]
Alaska	Alaskan	Ice Chipper
Arizona	Arizonan	Arizonian[6], Sand Cutter[8]
Arkansas	Arkansan	Arkansawyer (favored particularly by some native residents)[9], Arkie [10]
California	Californian
Colorado	Coloradan	Coloradoan (archaic)[11][12]
Connecticut	Connecticuter	Nutmegger[6], Connecticotian, Connecticutensian[13], Connecticutian
Delaware	Delawarean	Blue Hen's Chicken, Muskrat[14]
District of Columbia	Washingtonian
Florida	Floridian	Floridan
Georgia	Georgian	Buzzard, Goober-grabber, Sand-hiller[15]
Hawaii	Hawaiian	Malihini (newcomer)[6], Kamaʻāina (native-born nonethnic Hawaiian)[6], Hawaii Resident, Islander[16]
Idaho	Idahoan
Illinois	Illinoisan	Illinoisian, Flatlander, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[17]
Indiana	Indianan	Hoosier[18] (official state designation), Indianian[6] (archaic)
Iowa	Iowan	Hawkeye, Iowegian
Kansas	Kansan	Sunflower, Grasshopper[19]
Kentucky	Kentuckian
Louisiana	Louisianan	Louisianais in french
Maine	Mainer	Down Easter or Downeaster[20], Mainiac[21], Pine Tree, Fox, Lumberjack[14]
Maryland	Marylander
Massachusetts	Massachusettsan	Sal, Masshole[22], Bay Stater (official term used by state government)[23], Massachusite (traditional)[24][25]
Michigan	Michiganian	Michigander[6], Michiganer, Michiganese, Michigine, Wolverine[26][27], Michiganite[28], Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively)[29]
Minnesota	Minnesotan	Mud Duck
Mississippi	Mississippian	Stumpjumper
Missouri	Missourian	Bushwacker
Montana	Montanan
Nebraska	Nebraskan	Cornhusker
Nevada	Nevadan	Nevadian[6]
New Hampshire	New Hampshirite	Granite Boy, New Hampshireman[30]
New Jersey	New Jerseyan	New Jerseyite[6]
New Mexico	New Mexican	Nuevomexicano
New York	New Yorker
North Carolina	North Carolinian	Tar Boiler[31], Tar Heel, North Carolinan
North Dakota	North Dakotan
Ohio	Ohioan	Buckeye[32]
Oklahoma	Oklahoman	Okie[33], Sooner[34]
Oregon	Oregonian	Oregoner
Pennsylvania	Pennsylvanian	Coal Cracker
Rhode Island	Rhode Islander	Swamp Yankee[35]
South Carolina	South Carolinian	Sand Lapper, South Carolinan
South Dakota	South Dakotan
Tennessee	Tennessean	Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[36]
Texas	Texan	Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical)[37], Tejano (Mexican-Texan)
Utah	Utahn	Utonian, Utahan[6]
Vermont	Vermonter
Virginia	Virginian
Washington	Washingtonian
West Virginia	West Virginian	Mountaineer
Wisconsin	Wisconsinite	Cheesehead,[38][39] Wisconsinian, Sconnie
Wyoming	Wyomingite	Wyoman

Subcontinental regions

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name.

Africa Name Adjective Demonym Mediterranean Mediterranean Nile River Nilotic Nubia Nubian Nubians Sahara Saharan Sahrawi Americas Name Adjective Demonym Acadiana, Cajun Country Acadian (Cajuns) Aleutian Islands Aleut, Aleutian Aleuts, Aleutians Amazon river and region Amazonian Antilles Antillean Antilleans Appalachia Appalachian Caribbean Caribbean Ceara Cearense Cearenses Guiana Guianan Guianans Long Island Long Islanders Maritimes Maritime Maritimers Minas Gerais Mineiro Mineiros New England New England New Englanders Patagonia Patagonian Patagonians Parana (state) Paranaense Paranaenses Rio de Janeiro (state) Fluminense Fluminenses Rio Grande do Sul Sul-rio-grandense, Gaúcho Gaúchos St. Lawrence River Laurentian Santa Catarina Catarinense, Barriga-verde Catarinenses, Barrigas-verdes São Paulo (state) Paulista Paulistas Upper Peninsula of Michigan Yoopers West Indies West Indian West Indians Asia Name Adjective Demonym Bali Balinese Balinese Balochistan, Baluchistan Balochi/s, Baluchi/s Bengal Bengali Bengalis Bihar Bihari Biharis Borneo Bornean Borneans Caucasus, Caucasia Caucasian, Caucasic Caucasians Gujarat Gujarati Gujaratis Hokkaidō Dosanko (道産子) Indochina Indochinese Indochinese Java Javanese, Sundanese Javanese, Sundanese Kashmir Kashmiran Kashmiris Korea Korean Koreans Melanesia Melanesian Melanesians Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands Okinawan, Ryukyuan Okinawans, Ryukyuans Punjab Punjabi Punjabis Siberia Siberian Siberians Sindh, Sind Sindhi Sindhi, Sindhis Tibet Tibetan Tibetans Middle East Name Adjective Demonym Galilee Galilean Galileans Judea, Judaea Judean, Judaean Judeans, Judaeans Kurdistan Kurdish Kurds Samaria Samaritan Samaritans Oceania Name Adjective Demonym Antipodesa Antipodean Antipodeans Melanesia Melanesian Melanesians Micronesia Micronesian Micronesians Polynesia Polynesian Polynesians Tahiti Tahitian Tahitians a Usually refers to Australia and New Zealand. Other Name Adjective Demonym Palatinate Palatine Palatines

Europe Name Adjective Demonym Alps Alpine Alsace Alsatian Alsatians Apennines Apennine Aragon Aragonese Aragonese Asturias Asturian Asturians Balkans Balkan Baltic region Baltic Balts Bavaria Bavarian Bavarians Basque Country Basque Basques Bohemia Bohemian Bohemians Brittany Breton Bretons Burgundy Burgundian Burgundians Canterbury (England) Cantuarian Cantuarians Carinthia Carinthian Carinthians Castile Castilian Castilians Caucasus, Caucasia Caucasian, Caucasic Caucasians Cornwall Cornish Cornish Crimea Crimean Crimeans Courland Curonian Curonians Danube River Danubian Fife Fife Fifers Flanders Flemish Flemings Franconia Franconian Franconians Friesland, Frisian Islands Friesian, Frisian Friesians, Frisians Galicia (Central Europe) Galician Galicians Gascony Gascon Gascons Harrow Harrovian Harrovians Hesse Hessian Hessians Holstein Holsteinian Holsteiner Iberian Peninsula Iberian Iberians Kosovo and Methohija Kosovar, Kosovan Kosovars, Kosovans Lancashire Lancastrian Lancastrians Lapland Lapp, Saami Lappish, Saamis León Leonese Leoneses Lombardy Lombard, Lombardic Lombards Lorraine Lorrainian Lorrainians Lusatia Lusatian Lusatians Mediterranean Mediterranean Murcia Murcian Murcians Navarre Navarrese Navarrese Normandy Norman Normans Northumberland Northumbrian Northumbrians Pennines Pennine Picardy Picard Picards Piedmont Piedmontese Piedmontese Po River Padane Provence Provençal Rhineland Rhenish Rhinelanders Savoy Savoyard Savoyards Saxony Saxon Saxons Scandinavia Scandinavian Scandinavians Tuscany Tuscan Tuscans Tyrol Tyrolean, Tyrolese Tyroleans, Tyrolese Veneto Venetian Venetians Wallonia Walloon Walloons Westphalia Westphalian Westphalian

Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity

Regions tracing their origins (or otherwise referenced) in Greco-Roman antiquity [in cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form].

(References: Herodotus' "Histories"; Thucydides' "Peloponnesian War"; Pausanias' "Description of Greece"; Lemprière's Bibliotheca Classica; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)

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Name	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Acarnania	Acarnanian	Acarnanians
Achaea	Achaean	Achaeans
Aegina	Aeginetan	Aeginetans
Aethaea	Aethaean	Aethaeans
Aetolia	Aetolian	Aetolians
Andalusia	Andalusian	Andalusians
Apulia	Apulian	Apulians
Aquitania	Aquitanian	Aquitanians
Arcadia	Arcadian	Arcadians
Argos	Argive	Argives
Arretium	Arretine	Arretines
Athens	Athenian	Athenians
Bactria, Bactriana	Bactrian	Bactrians
Bavaria	Bavarian	Bavarians
Boeotia	Boeotian, Beotian	Boeotians, Beotians
Boiohaemum	Boius	Boii
Bosporus, Bosphorus	Bosporan, Bosphoran	Bosporans, Bosphorans
Bruttium	(Bruttus ?), Bruttian	Brutti, Bruttians
Byzantium	Byzantine	Byzantines
Calabria	Calabrian	Calabrians
Campania	Campanian	Campanians
Cantabria	Cantabrian	Cantabrians
Caria	Carian	Carians
Carthage	Carthaginian	Carthaginians
Carystus	Carystian	Carystians
Catalonia	Catalan, Catalonian	Catalans, Catalonians
Cephalonia	Cephalonian	Cephalonians
Chalcis	Chalcidian	Chalcidians
Chios	Chian	Chians
Colchis	Colchian	Colchians
Colossae	Colossian	Colossians
Consentia	Consentian	Consentians
Corcyra	Corcyrean	Corcyreans
Corsica	Corsican	Corsicans
Crete	Cretan	Cretans
Croton	Crotonian	Crotonians
Cyclades	Cycladian	Cycladians
Cyprus	Cypriot, Cypriote	Cypriots, Cypriotes
Cyrenaica	Cyrenaic	Cyrenaics
Cyrene	Cyrenian	Cyrenians
Dacia	Dacian	Dacians
Dalmatia	Dalmatian	Dalmatians
Delos	Delian	Delians
Dodecanese	Dodecanesian	Dodecanesians
Edonia	Edonian	Edonians
Egesta	Egestan	Egestans
Eleusina or Eleusis	Eleusian, Eleusinian	Eleusians, Eleusinians
Elis or Eleia	Elian	Elians
Ephesus	Ephesian	Ephesians
Epidamnus or Epidamnos	Epidamnian	Epidamnians
Epidaurus	Epidaurian	Epidaurians
Epirus	Epirote	Epirotes
Eretria	Eretrian	Eretrians
Etruria	Etruscan	Etruscans
Euboea	Euboean	Euboeans
Galatia	Galatian	Galatians
Gallaecia	Gallaecus	Gallaeci
Gallia or Gaul	Gaulish	Gauls
Germania	Germanian, Germanus	Germanians, Germani
Iberia	Iberian	Iberians
Illyria	Illyrian	Illyrians
Ionia	Ionian	Ionians
Kalymnos	Kalymnian	Kalymnians
Kaulonia	Kaulonian	Kaulonians
Knossos	Knossian	Knossians
Lakedaimon/ia or Lakedaemon/ia	Lakedaimonian or Lakedaemonian	Lakedaimonians or Lakedaemonians
Larissa	Larissan	Larissans
Latium	Latin	Latins
Leontini, Leontium	Leontinian	Leontinians
Lesbos	Lesbian	Lesbians
Locris	Locrian	Locrians
Lucania	Lucanian	Lucanians
Lydia	Lydian	Lydians
Macedonia	Macedonian	Macedonians
Maeonia	Maeonian	Maeonians
Mantineia	Mantinean	Mantineans
Marathon	Marathonian	Marathonians
Media	Median	Medes, Medians
Megara	Megaran	Megarans
Melite	Melitian	Melitians
Melos	Melian	Melians
Mesopotamia	Mesopotamian	Mesopotamians
Messenia	Messenian	Messenians
Miletus	Milesian	Milesians
Mithymna or Methymna	Methymnian	Methymnians
Moravia	Moravian	Moravians
Mycenae	Mycenaean	Mycenaeans
Mytilene	Mytilenean	Mytileneans
Naupactus or Nafpaktos	Naupactian	Naupactians
Naxos	Naxian	Naxians
Nisyros	Nisyrian	Nisyrians
Oea	Oean	Oeans
Olympia	Olympian	Olympians
Oiniades, Oiniadai	Oiniadan	Oiniadans
Orkney Islands	Orcadian	Orcadians
Paeonia or Paionia	Paeonian	Paeonians
Pamphylia	Pamphylian	Pamphylians
Paros	Parian	Parians
Patmos	Patmian	Patmians
Peloponnese	Peloponnesian	Peloponnesians
Pergamum	Pergamian	Pergamians
Persia	Persian	Persians
Philippi	Philippian	Philippians
Phlius	Phliasian	Phliasians
Phocis	Phocian	Phocians
Phoenicia	Phoenician	Phoenicians
Phrygia	Phrygian	Phrygians
Pisidia	Pisidian	Pisidians
Pontus	Pontian	Pontians
Pylos	Pylosian	Pylosians
Rhegion	Rhegian, Rhegine	Rhegians, Rhegines
Rhodes	Rhodian	Rhodians
Rhithymna, Rhithymnia, Rithymna	Rhithymnian	Rhithymnians
Rome	Roman	Romans
Sabinium	Sabine	Sabines
Salamis	Salaminian	Salaminians
Samnium	Samnite	Samnites
Samos	Samian	Samians
Sardinia	Sardinian, Sardi	Sardinians, Sardi
Sardis	Sardianus, Sardian	Sardiani, Sardians
Sarmatia	Sarmatian, Sarmata, or Sauromata	Sarmatians, Sarmatae, or Sauromatae
Scythia	Scytha, Scythian	Scythae, Scythians
Serrae, Serrhae	Serrean	Serreans
Sicily	Sicilian	Sicilians
Sicyon	Sicyonese	Sicyonese
Sidon, or Saïda	Sidonian	Sidonians
Silesia	Silesian	Silesians
Skopelos	Skopelitan	Skopelitans
Sparta	Spartan	Spartans
Suebia	Suebius	Suebi
Symi	Symian	Symians
Syracuse	Syracusan	Syracusans
Taras, Tarentum	Tarentine, Tarentumian	Tarentines, Tarentumians
Tegea	Tegean	Tegeans
Tenedos	Tenedian	Tenedians
Tenedos	Tenedian	Tenedians
Thasos	Thasian	Thasians
Thebes	Theban	Thebans
Thespis	Thespian	Thespians
Thessaly	Thessalian	Thessalians
Thrace	Thracian	Thracians
Thria	Thriasian	Thriasians
Thuria	Thuriat	Thuriats
Thurii	Thurian	Thurians
Trichonos	Trichonian	Trichonians
Troezen	Troezenian	Troezenians
Troy	Trojan	Trojans
Umbria	Umbrian	Umbrians
Xanthi	Xanthian	Xanthians
Zakynthos	Zakyntian	Zakyntians

Other former nations and regions

Ancient civilizations, former colonies, renamed countries and regions, annexations, secessions, etc. (other than Greco-Roman, which see above).

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Name	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Abyssinia	Abyssinian	Abyssinians
Acadia	Acadian	Acadians
Akkadia	Akkadian	Akkadians
Austria–Hungary	Austro-Hungarian	Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, Hungarians
Babylonia	Babylonian	Babylonians
Bessarabia	Bessarabian	Bessarabians
Biafra	Biafran	Biafrans
Burma	Burmese	Burmesea
Ceylon	Ceylonese	Ceylonese
Chechnya	Chechnyan, Chechen	Chechnyan, Chechen
Confederate States of America	Confederate, CSA	Confederates, Confederate Americans	"Rebels", "Rebs"
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak, Czechb (Czechoslovakian is incorrect, though frequent)	Czechoslovaks, Czechs, Slovaks
Dahomey	Dahomeyan	Dahomeyans
Elam	Elamite, Elamitic, Elamitish	Elamites
Katanga	Katangan	Katangans
Livonia	Livonian	Livonians, Livs
Manchuria	Manchurian	Manchurians
Malaya	Malay, Malayan	Malays, Malayans
Moldavia	Moldavian	Moldavians
Papal States	Papal	Papalini
Pomerania	Pomeranian	Pomeranians
Prussia	Prussian	Prussians
Rhodesia	Rhodesian	Rhodesians
Siam	Siamese	Siamese
Sudetenland	Sudetes	Sudetenlanders
Sumer	Sumerian	Sumerians
Soviet Union	Soviet, Russianc	Soviets, Russiansc
Transylvania	Transylvanian	Transylvanians
Two Sicilies	Duosicilian	Regnicoli
Wallachia	Wallachian	Wallachians
Yugoslavia	Yugoslav	Yugoslavs
Zaire	Zairean	Zaireans
Zululand	Zulu	Zulu, Zulus
a  Burma is also known as Myanmar. b  "Czech" technically incorrect here, as it is also used to distinguish Czech people from Slovaks or other ethnic groups. c  "Russian" technically incorrect here, as the Russian SFSR was one of fifteen Soviet Republics (albeit the largest).

Astronomy

The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with non-obvious derivations of some smaller bodies; in some cases these are accompanied by their demonymic equivalents, which denote purported inhabitants of these bodies.

For Classical (Greco-Roman) names, the adjectival form is normally derived from the genitive case, which may differ from the nominative case used in English for the noun form. For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the genitive and therefore the adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Isis–Isidian and Ceres–Cererian;^{[note 1]} occasionally an -n has been lost from the noun form, and reappears in the adjective, as in Pluto–Plutonian and Atlas–Atlantean.^{[note 2]}

Many of the more recent or more obscure names are only attested in mythological or literary contexts, rather than in specifically astronomical contexts. Forms ending in -ish or -ine, such as "Puckish", are not included below if a derivation in -an is also attested. Rare forms, or forms only attested with spellings not in keeping with the IAU-approved spelling (such as c for k), are shown in italics.

Note on pronunciation

The ending -ian is always unstressed: /iən/. The similarly spelled ending -ean has traditionally been stressed, /ˈiːən/, but in practice it is often pronounced as if it were -ian. This dichotomy should be familiar from the dual pronunciations of Caribbean: karr-i-bee-ən, kə-rib-i-ən.

Generic bodies

Name	Adjective
asteroid	asteroidal, asteroidic
comet	cometary
cosmos, universe	cosmic, cosmian, universal
ecliptic	ecliptical, zodiacal
galaxy	galactic, galactian
meteoroid	meteoroidal
nebula	nebular
planet	planetary, planetic
planetoid	planetoidal
quasar	quasaric, quasarian
sky	celestial
star	stellar, astral
supernova	supernovan

Constellations

Adjectival forms of constellations are used primarily for meteor showers. These are based on the genitive form of the constellation, which is used to name stars. (See List of constellations.) Independent adjectival forms are less common.

Name	Adjective	Adjective (product of)
Andromeda	Andromedan	Andromedid
Aquarius	Aquarian	Aquariid
Aries	Arian	Arietid
Auriga		Aurigid
Bootes		Bootid
Cancer	Cancerian	Cancrid
Carina		Carinid
Capricorn	Capriconian	Capricornid
Centaurus	Centaurean, Centaurian	Centaurid
Cetus		Cetid
Coma Berenices		Coma Berenicid
Corona Austrina		Corona Austrinid
Crux		Crucid
Cygnus		Cygnid
Dorado		Doradid
Draco		Draconid
Eridanus		Eridanid
Gemini	Geminian	Geminid
Hydra, Hydrus		Hydrid
Leo	Leonic, Leonian, Leonean	Leonid
Leo Minor		Leo Minorid
Libra	Libran	Librid
Lyra		Lyrid
Monoceros		Monocerotid
Norma		Normid
Ophiuchus		Ophiuchid
Orion		Orionid
Pavo		Pavonid
Pegasus		Pegasid
Perseus		Perseid
Phoenix		Phoenicid
Pisces	Piscean, Piscian	Piscid
Piscis Austrinus		Piscis Austrinid
Puppis		Puppid
Sagittarius	Sagittarian	Sagittariid
Scorpius	Scorpionic	Scorpiid
Taurus	Taurean, Taurian	Taurid
Ursa Major, Ursa Minor		Ursid
Vela		Velid
Virgo		Virginid
zodiac	zodiacal

Sun

Name	Adjective	Demonym
Sun, Sol, Helios	Solar, Heliacal, Phoebean, Phebeana	Solarian

Planets

Planets

Name	Adjective	Demonym
Earth, Terra, Tellus, Gaia, Gaea	earthly, Terran, Terrestrial, Terrene, Tellurian,[40] Telluric, Gaian, Gaean	Earthling, Terran, Terrestrial, Tellurian
Jupiter	Jovian, Jovial, Jupiterian	Jovian
Mars	Martian, Martial, Areana[41]	Martian
Mercury; Hermes (in the evening), Apollo (in the morning)	Mercurian, Mercurial, Hermean/Hermeian, Cyllenian,a[42] Cylleneana	Mercurian, Hermean
Neptune	Neptunian, Neptuniala	Neptunian
Saturn	Saturnian, Saturnine, Saturniala[43]	Saturnian
Uranus	Uranian	Uranian
Venus; Hesperus, Vesper (in the evening), Eosphorus, Phosphorus, Phosphor (in the morning), Lucifer (in the day)	Venerian, Venerial, Venusian, Cytherean,[44] Cytherian,a[45] Hesperian,[46] Luciferian,a[47] Phosphoriana[48]	Venusian

^a  Rare.

Planetoids

Asteroids Name Adjective 268 Adorea Adorian 91 Aegina Aeginetan[49] 29 Amphitrite Amphitritean 99942 Apophis Apophian[50] 404 Arsinoe Arsinoean[51] 105 Artemis Artemidean,[52] Artemidian,[53] Artemisian[54] 5 Astraea Astraean[40] 94 Aurora Aurorean, Auroral[55] 2063 Bacchus Bacchian,[56] Bacchean,[57] Bacchic (adj. only) 324 Bamberga Bambergian,[55] Bambergean 199 Byblis Byblian[58] 1 Ceres Cererian,[59] Cerereana[60] 388 Charybdis Charybdian[55] 34 Circe Circean[55] 763 Cupido Cupidian, Cupidinian 403 Cyane Cyanean 65 Cybele Cybelean, Cybelian 133 Cyrene Cyrenian, Cyrenean[55] 511 Davida Davidian[61] 209 Dido Didonian[62] 423 Diotima Diotiman, Diotimean, Diotimian 48 Doris Dorian[55] 60 Echo Echonian,[63] Echoic (adj. only) 13 Egeria Egerian 59 Elpis Elpidian[64] 221 Eos Eoan /iːˈoʊ.ən/[65][66] 163 Erigone Erigonian[67] 433 Eros Erotian[68] 45 Eugenia Eugenian 15 Eunomia Eunomian 31 Euphrosyne Euphrosynean, Euphrosynian 52 Europa (as the moon) 27 Euterpe Euterpean 8 Flora Florian 1036 Ganymed (as the moon) 1272 Gefion Gefionian[69]

Asteroids (cont) Name Adjective 6 Hebe Hebean[70] 121 Hermione Hermionean 10 Hygiea Hygiean[71] 1566 Icarus Icarian[72] 243 Ida Idæan (Idaean) › Idean[55] 173 Ino Inoan[73] 704 Interamnia Interamnian[55] 7 Iris Iridian[55] 42 Isis Isidian[74] 3 Juno Junonian[75][76] 22 Kalliope Calliopean, Calliopian 216 Kleopatra Cleopatrian 158 Koronis Koronian 20 Massalia Massalian[77] 18 Melpomene Melpomenean[78] 9 Metis Metidian 192 Nausikaa Nausicaan[79] 128 Nemesis Nemesian,[80][81][82] Nemesean[83] 44 Nysa Nysian[84][85] 2 Pallas Palladian[55] 11 Parthenope Parthenopian, Parthenopean 201 Penelope Penelopean 3200 Phaethon Phaetonian 16 Psyche Psychean[55] 665 Sabine Sabinian[86] 896 Sphinx Sphingian,[87] Sphinxian 87 Sylvia Sylvian 81 Terpsichore Terpsichorean 24 Themis Themistian[88] 17 Thetis Thetidian,[89] Thetian[90] 88 Thisbe Thisbean, Thisbian 279 Thule Thulean[55] 4179 Toutatis Toutatian[91] 92 Undina Undinian[92] 375 Ursula Ursulian 4 Vesta Vestian,[93][94] Vestan,[95][96] Vestalian[97] 411 Xanthe Xanthean[98]

See additional minor planet forms.

Trojans, Centaurs, and TNOs

Name	Adjective
588 Achilles	Achillean[55]
911 Agamemnon	Agamemnonian[99]
55576 Amycus	Amycian[100]
65489 Ceto	Cetoean, Cetèan[101]
19521 Chaos	Chaotian[102]
2060 Chiron	Chironian, Chironean
53311 Deucalion	Deucalionean, Deucalionian
Eris	Eridian[103]
624 Hektor	Hectorian[104]
28978 Ixion	Ixionian[105]
58534 Logos	Logian[106]
Makemake	Makemakean[107]
7066 Nessus	Nessian[108]
90482 Orcus	Orcean,[109] ? Orcan
617 Patroclus	Patroclean[110]
Pluto	Plutonian[55]
38083 Rhadamanthus	Rhadamanthean, Rhadamanthian, Rhadamanthyan, Rhadamanthan, Rhadamanthine, Rhadamanthyne
Varuna	Varunian[111]
42355 Typhon	Typhonian, Typhonean[112]

Moons

Earth and Mars Name Adjective Demonym Moon (Luna, Selene) lunar, Selenian, Cynthian Lunarian, Selenite Deimos Deimosian[113] Phobos Phobian[71]
Jupiter[note 3] Name Adjective, demonym Adrastea Adrastean[114] Aitne Aetnean[115] Amalthea Amalthean[116] Ananke Anankean[117] Aoede Aoedean[118] Arche Archean Callisto Callistoan,[119] Callistonian[120] Carme Carmean[117] Carpo  ? Carpian (Carponian?) Cyllene Cyllenean (also rare for Mercury)[121] Elara  ? Elarian [122] Euanthe Euanthian[123] Eukelade Euceladian[124] Europa Europan[125] Ganymede Ganymedean[126] Helike Helikean[127] Hermippe Hermippean[128] Himalia Himalian[117] Io Ionian[129] Iocaste Iocastean,[130] Jocastean Kallichore Callichorean[131] Kalyke Calycian[132] Leda Ledean,[133] Ledian[134] Lysithea Lysithean[117] Metis Metidian/Metidean[135] Orthosie Orthosian[136] Pasiphae Pasiphaean[137] Pasithee Pasithean[138] Praxidike Praxidician[139] Sinope Sinopean,[140] Sinopian[141] Sponde Spondean[142] Taygete Taygetian, Taygetean[143] Thebe Thebean, Theban Themisto Themistian, Themistean Thyone Thyonean[144]	Saturn[note 4] Name Adjective, demonym Aegaeon Aegaeonic[146] (adj. only) Anthe  ? Anthean[147] Atlas Atlantean[148] Calypso Calypsonian[55] Daphnis Daphnean,[149] Daphnidian,[150] Daphnidean[151] Dione Dionean[152][153] Enceladus Enceladan,[154][155] Enceladean,[156][157] Enceladian[117] Epimetheus Epimethean[158][159] Fenrir Fenrian[160] Helene Helenean[161] Hyperion Hyperionian[162] Iapetus Iapetian,[163] Japetian[55] Janus Janian[164][165] Methone Methonean[166] Mimas Mimantean,[157] Mimantian,[167] Mimasian[168] Pallene Pallenean[169] Pan Pandean[55] Pandora Pandoran[55][170] Phoebe Phoebean (also rare for the Sun)[55] Polydeuces Polydeucean,[171] Polydeucian[172] Prometheus Promethean[55][154] Rhea Rhean[173][174] Skathi Skathian[175] Telesto  ? Telestonian[176] Tethys Tethyan[55][177][178] Titan Titanian (also of Titania),[179][180] Titanean[181] Ymir Ymirian[182]
Uranus[note 5] Name Adjective, demonym Ariel Arielian[117][183] Bianca Biancan[184] Caliban Calibanian[185] Cordelia Cordelian Cressida Cressidian[186] Cupid Cupidian[187] Desdemona Desdemonan,[188] Desdemonian,[189] Desdemonean[190] Ferdinand Ferdinandian[191] Francisco Francisconian[192] Juliet Juliettish[193] (adj. only) Mab Mabbish[194] (adj. only) Margaret Margaretian[195] Miranda Mirandan,[196] Mirandian[197] Oberon Oberonian[198] Ophelia Ophelian[199] Perdita Perditean[200] Portia Portian[201] Prospero Prosperonian,[202] Prosperian[203] Puck Puckian[204] Rosalind  ? Rosalindian[205] Setebos Setebosian[206] Stephano Stephanonian[207] Sycorax Sycoraxian[208] Titania Titanian (also of Titan) Umbriel Umbrielian,[209]	Neptune[note 6] Name Adjective, demonym Galatea Galatean[210] Laomedeia Laomedian[211] Larissa Larissean,[212] Larissan,[213] Larissian,[214] Naiad Naiadian[215] Nereid Nereidian,[71] Nereidean[216] Proteus Protean[55] Psamathe Psamathian[217] Thalassa Thalassian[218] Triton Tritonian[219]
	Pluto and other planetoids Name Adjective, demonym Charon (Pluto I) Charonian[55] Dactyl (Ida I) Dactylian Dysnomia (Eris I) Dysnomian Echidna (Typhon I) Echidnean, Echidnian Hydra (Pluto III) Hydrian[220] Linus (Kalliope I) Linian[221] Menoetius (Patroclus I) Menoetian[222] Nix (Pluto II) Nictian Phorcys (Ceto I) Phorcyan, Phorcian Remus (Sylvia II) Reman Romulus (Sylvia I) Romulian,[223] Romulean,[224] Romulan Zoe (Logos I)  ?Zoean

Galaxies

Name	Adjective
Milky Way Galaxy	Galactic,[225] Lacteal[226]
Andromeda Galaxy	Andromedan
Magellanic Clouds	Magellanic

Fictional regions

Name	Adjective	Demonym
Atlantis		Atlant(e)ans
Aloria	Alorn	Alorns
Attilan		Inhumans
Blefuscu	Blefuscudian	Blefuscudians
Brobdingnag	Brobdingnagian	Brobdingnagians
Laputa	Laputan	Laputans
Lilliput	Lilliputian	Lilliputians
Cardassia Prime	Cardassian	Cardassians
Bajor	Bajoran	Bajorans, Bajora
Ferenginar	Ferengi	Ferengi
Gallifrey	Gallifreyan	Gallifreyans, Time Lords
Genosha	Genoshan	Genoshans
Latveria	Latverian	Latverians
Hogwarts	Hogwartian	Hogwartians
Luggnagg		Struldbrugs
Narnia	Narnian	Narnian
Oz	Ozite	Ozite
Qo'noS	Klingon	Klingons
Remus	Reman	Remans
Rohan	Rohirric	Rohirrim
Romulus	Romulan	Romulans
Skaro	Skaroene, Skarosian	Skarosians, Daleks
Sontar	Sontaran	Sontarans
Utopia	Utopian	Utopians
Vulcan	Vulcan, Vulcanian	Vulcans

See also

• City nicknames (disambiguation)
• List of ethnic slurs
• Lists of people by nationality
• List of British regional nicknames
• -onym, especially ethnonym and Exonym and endonym

External links

• Alphabetical list of world demonyms
• Demonyms of the World

References

Notes

Lists by country Articles that include one or more maps are shown in italics. Lists of topics Country articles categories portals topics Maps Politics Religion Codes Call sign (ITU) prefixes Country calling codes FIFA country codes FIPS country codes Internet TLDs IOC country codes ISO country codes Ship prefixes Names and symbols Anthems Coats of arms Demonyms Etymologies Flags National emblems National mottos Native names Politics and government Abortion law Administrative divisions Capital punishment Current heads of state and government Date of formation Elections Intelligence agencies Legislatures (by size) Militaries (by size) Office-holders Ruling political parties Sovereign states Systems of government (by date of transition to republican system of government) UN member states Voting systems List of First Spouses Demographics and geographical rankings Population density graphical growth history urban Birth rate Death rate Divorce rate Total area Places Cemeteries Cities Islands National capitals (Former national capitals) National parks Schools Universities and colleges World Heritage Sites Other data Association football (soccer) Battles Cardinals Censorship Common surnames Cuisines Currencies Education Emergency contraception availability GDP (nominal) Historical exchange rates to the USD Human rights Internet censorship Legality of cannabis Legality of euthanasia LGBT rights Mains electricity Music genres Muslim populations Newspapers Novelists Official languages Oldest / Tallest person People Polygamy Prostitution Railway companies School leaving age Tallest structures Tram and light-rail transit systems Lists of countries and territories List of international rankings List of top international rankings by country